|
Каспинфо октябрь 2001 |
|
Название: Сообщения НПО региона на англ. языке Главные Пункты: * Проект по совершенствованию управления природными ресурсами в Центральной Азии. Полный текст - по запросу. (17.10.2001) Полный Текст Сообщения НПО региона на англ. языке Сообщения НПО региона на англ. языке *** TASK 10: OIL FIELD CLEANUP PILOT PROJECT SUBTASK 10-4: OIL FIELD BEST PRACTICES MANUAL Central Asia Natural Resource Management Project Contract No. 284-C-00-00-00025-00 Funded by: U.S. Agency for International Development Regional Mission for Central Asia Office of Energy and Water Park Palace Building 41 Kazybek bi Street Almaty, Kazakhstan 480100 (7-3272) 50-76-17 Prepared by: PA Consortium Group 72 Kodyra Makhsumova Street Tashkent, Uzbekistan 700000 (998-71) 133-7117 and PA Consulting 1530 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 400 Arlington, Virginia 22209-2406 (703) 351-0300 August 31, 2001 The reproduction or distribution for sale of any portion of this report without the express written consent of PA Consulting is prohibited. Any other reproduction, publication, distribution, or use of the material contained herein must include this acknowledgement and prohibition. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. POLLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 4 3. WASTE GENERATION IN THE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION INDUSTRY 5 GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION 5 DRILLING OPERATIONS 5 WELL COMPLETION AND WORKOVER 7 PRODUCTION OPERATIONS 8 WASTE SUMMARY 10 4. POLLUTION PREVENTION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE 12 DRILLING WASTES 14 COMPLETION AND WORKOVER WASTES 15 PRODUCED WATER 16 TANK BOTTOMS 16 NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (NORM) 17 WASTES COMMON TO ALL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES 17 CONTAMINATED SOIL 18 LUBRICATING OIL 19 SOLVENTS 19 MISCELLANEOUS DEBRIS 19 5. WASTE MANAGEMENT 21 TREATMENT 21 DISPOSAL 22 APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS 1 A.1 PRIMARY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LEGISLATION A1 A.2 WASTE REGULATION PROCESS A2 A.3 DISPOSAL A3 A.4 CONTROL A4 APPENDIX B: DEVELOPING POLLUTION PREVENTION-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS A6 B.1 BUILDING A POLLUTION PREVENTION TEAM A6 B.2 WASTE IDENTIFICATION A6 B.3 IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES A8 B.4 DEVELOPING ACTION PLANS A11 B.5 IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS A11 B.6 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS A11 B.7 ASSESSMENT, REVIEW AND UPDATE A15 APPENDIX C: REFERENCES A16 APPENDIX D: PA CONSORTIUM GROUP MEMBERS A19 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution prevention is the practice of eliminating or reducing pollutant discharges to the environment. Pollution prevention, one of the most prominent and cost-effective best management practices, emphasizes economic benefit while protecting the environment and conserving natural resources. Internationally, there has been a significant shift in focus away from pollution control towards pollution prevention. The predominant factor causing this shift was the realization that pollution and waste cost money and do not result in a positive revenue stream for the industries that generate them. Given the rapidly expanding exploration and production industry in Kazakhstan, the potential for greatly increased volumes of waste materials and the increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations, it is important to concentrate efforts on pollution prevention as well as the traditional pollution control. Many companies internationally have discovered that a proactive approach to pollution prevention is best accomplished through comprehensive pollution prevention-based environmental management programs. The benefits of pollution prevention-based environmental management programs include, but are not limited to the following: T Reduced impact of exploration and production activities on human health and the environment; better environmental stewardship. T Reduced cost of waste treatment and disposal. T Improved regulatory compliance; reduced potential environmental liabilities. T Improved productivity and efficiency of operations; reduced cost of raw materials T Improved communication between management and field personnel; a more informed and environmentally aware workforce. A pollution prevention-based environmental management program is a flexible system for identifying pollution prevention opportunities and other process improvements and implementing them. As a proactive program, it necessarily includes employee training and procedures for periodic assessment of pollution prevention performance. As a best management practice, it integrates pollution prevention into core business practices and becomes a part of work life like safety now has become. This manual provides the Kazakhstan exploration and production industry with guidance for use when developing company-specific pollution prevention-based environmental management programs. The information is presented in two parts. The first part of the manual contains information on pollution prevention opportunities available to the exploration and production industry. The second part of the manual presents information about the management of wastes once they have been unavoidably produced. Guidance for developing pollution prevention-based environmental management programs is included in Appendix B. This manual is intended for use by the exploration and production industry in developing company-specific, pollution prevention-based environmental management programs. The information presented in this manual is provided as guidance only. Any party using this manual should not assume that all acceptable measures are included, or that other measures are not required. There is no warranty, guarantee or representation about the absolute sufficiency of any information contained in this manual. Publication of this manual does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development. |