|
Каспинфо август 2001 |
|
Название: Новости КТК. Материалы на англ. яз. Главные Пункты: * Р.Хайкокс, руководитель проекта Metso Automation, осуществляющего мониторинг за сооружением трубопровода КТК, а в дальнейшем и его эксплуатацией, утверждает, что использованная при прокладке трубопровода технология горизонтального бурения, мероприятия по сохранению наиболее уязвимых экосистем, рекультивация почв говорят об экологической безопасности и соответствии проекта самым жестким мировым стандартам. (22.08.2001) Полный Текст Новости КТК. Материалы на англ. яз. Нефтяные проекты на Каспии. Материалы на англ. яз. *** Pipeline & Gas Journal, March 2001 v228 i3 p14 The Caspian Pipeline Consortium Project. (in Russia/Kazahstan) (Statistical Data Included) Robert Hickox. Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2001 Oildom Publishing Company of Texas, Inc. The Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) project represents one of Russia's largest ever industrial development projects. Spanning over 1,500 kms (932 miles) of rugged terrain, the CPC crude oil pipeline system will have an eventual capacity of 1.34 million barrels per day. Line fill is scheduled to begin this month. The origin of the project dates back to 1996 when a consortium of governments and energy companies developed a plan for constructing a 1,580-km (981-mile) pipeline from the rich Tengiz oil fields in Western Kazakhstan to the coast of the Black Sea near Novorossiysk in Russia. The scope of work included repairing and refurbishing a 754 km (468.5-mile) span of crude oil pipeline originating in Tengiz and extending it north of the Caspian Sea to Komsomolsk, then constructing a new 800-km (497-mile) pipeline from Komsomolsk to a new marine terminal near Novorossiysk. When the system becomes operational, crude oil will be transported to the new marine terminal for loading onto tankers (at a rate of approximately 12,700 cubic meter/hr), for subsequent shipment to foreign markets. Two Single Point Moorings (SPMs) located a distance of 5 km (3.10 miles) and 6.2 km (3.85 miles) from shore, respectively, will help minimize overcrowding of the port, while reducing the risk of tankers running aground. Although relatively common throughout the world, the CPC project will mark the beginning of SPM usage in Russia. Neles Automation* (now Metso Automation) is providing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for the entire Caspian Pipeline, starting with early delivery of the Pipeline Simulation Model. This will be followed by complete SCADA with leak detection for the entire line, including the marine terminal. The Operations Control Center (OCC), complete with training system, will be located at the marine terminal in Novorossiysk, and the Secondary Control Center (SCC) will be located at the Kropotkin pump station, also in Russia. The tank farm is being constructed on land, 8 kms (5 miles) from shore, southwest of the existing port of Novorossiysk, taking into consideration the natural features of the terrain. A Collaborative Effort The CPC project represents a significant international cooperative effort involving the governments of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Sultanate of Oman. Eight international oil companies form the other half of the consortium and include: Chevron Caspian Pipeline Consortium Company; LUKARCO B.V, Rosneft Shell Caspian Ventures Limitedl; Mobil Caspian Pipeline Company; Agip International (N.A.) N.V.; BG Overseas Holdings Limited; Kazakhstan Pipeline Ventures LLC; and Oryx Caspian Pipeline LLC (Kerr McGee Group of companies). The participation of major international and Russian oil companies in the consortium has provided multi-level benefits: Full financing to cover construction of the first phase; International standards in a variety of areas of management, design, construction, operation, environmental protection and safety; Advanced technologies and highly experienced leadership personnel; and Responsibility to a broader group of stakeholders for greater accountability. The list of international contractors includes two Russian design institutes (pipeline design) and one Kazakhstan design institute (pipeline refurbishing), several Russian construction companies as well as leading U.S.-based companies such as Fluor Daniel (project management) and Neles Automation (full-scope pipeline management system). Within Neles alone, five division offices are involved in the CPC project. Dave Jardine, division president, underlines the significant milestone this project achieves for Neles Automation: "The CPC project represents our first combined undertaking involving our North American development centers in Baltimore, Houston and Calgary, as well as our Finnish (Neles Automation projects) and Russian (ZAO Valmet) corporate offices." Seppo Saila, onshore Russian project manager, adds: "ZAO Valmet's experience with industrial automation projects in the former Soviet Union has proven invaluable for ensuring the proper transfer of technology required for this project. Our in-country people have also provided significant support." Full-Scope Pipeline Management & SCADA The full-scope pipeline management system provided by Neles Automation will be used to monitor and control the entire length of the pipeline. The SCADA system links all pipeline components - pump stations, marine terminal tank farm and shore facilities, mainline block valves and offshore SPMs -- and also integrates sophisticated leak detection software. Neles Automation is providing more than one hundred mainline block valve PLCs. These PLCs will work in conjunction with equipment supplied by other vendors such as power supply lines, battery power supplies, control instrumentation and high-speed fiber optics with a satellite backup all along the pipeline route. The PLCs will be tested individually at the local block valve sites with SCADA software prior to a system-wide test. The SCADA system must also interface with more than 40 other PLCs configured and installed by contractors. The testing of these PLCs is performed at the contractor location prior to equipment shipment. This was determined to be the best method of testing the SCADA control interface, including SCADA database and controller graphics, before on-site testing occurs. The test locations include Wagoner, OK, Houston, TX, Lincoln, England, Paris, France, Dresden, Germany and Tel Aviv, Israel. Most of these tests are already completed. A SCADA FAT at the Baltimore facility will follow these individual PLC tests. One of the greatest challenges of the project has been coordinating all of the different contractor PLC control interface philosophies into a SCADA control system that looks and acts the same to the pipeline controller. Communications are almost fully installed. The SCADA system will be used to manage unattended or remote facilities; facilitate centralized control of the pipeline system; provide leak detection and dynamic modeling on-line as well as a training simulator and dynamic model off-line; provide operational interface for SCADA and leak detection; generate reports and records for determining shipped product, system performance and operational strategy; monitor and control the quality of crude oil received into the pipeline; minimize operating and maintenance costs and increase overall system reliability. Simulation Because of the strict environmental standards mandated for the project, advanced leak detection and modeling software was needed to address the on-line and off-line functionality requirements during the planning, building and operational phases. Based to a large extent on the solution provided to the Pacific Pipeline project in California and its similarity with the CPC system, Neles Automation's SimSuite Pipeline solution was selected. On-line, SimSuite Pipeline's planning and forecasting simulation function will be used to calculate in realtime the thermal, hydraulic and financial conditions at every point of the pipeline. With one second data polling, on-line simulation also provides advanced functionality for pipeline inventory analysis and leak detection. Based on a dynamic model of the pipeline, an "ideal" state of the pipeline system operation is depicted, and then compared to the actual operating parameters. Any deviations can be detected and alarmed, as required. Off-line, SimSuite allows pipeline controllers and engineers to conduct various "What-if" scenarios for design, planning and training. One unique aspect of this project was the early delivery of the SimSuite hydraulic model. Based on the design information provided by CPC, Neles matched the model to the operational specifications of the pipeline. According to Larry Christie of Neles Automation, "CPC found this to be of great benefit, allowing operators and engineers access to a virtual pipeline that doesn't even exist in its final form yet. This virtual environment allowed the observation of some amazing scenarios - for example, the ability to create and then watch a pressure change dissipate as it moves down the pipeline." SimSuite Pipeline's modeling ability provides the means to accurately predict the impact of constructing the new portion of the pipeline in relation to the existing span originating from Tengiz. From a training standpoint, SimSuite Pipeline will be used to enable operators to gain system experience prior to going on-line, leading to safer and more efficient pipeline operations. The simulation software will also be used to fine-tune operational and management procedures using realtime or fabricated SCADA data simulated through a graphical user interface. Environmental Impact All design, construction and operational solutions of the CPC Crude Oil Pipeline System will conform to the most stringent standards set by the European Union, the World Bank and other international organizations. The pipeline is built completely underground along the entire route. Horizontal directional drilling techniques, relatively new in Russia, were used for burying pipe for river crossings. Steps were taken prior to construction to identify sensitive ecosystems and determine methods for their protection. Potential cultural and archaeological sites were also identified and their treasures preserved. Now that pipeline construction and hydraulic testing have been completed, fertile soils are being restored and all lands along the pipeline route are being returned to cultivation. Social and Economic Impact At the pipeline construction stage, the CPC project directly generated in excess of 6000 jobs, about 90% of which were held by Russian and Kazakhstan workers. Over the life of the project, more than $150 billion will be added to the combined gross domestic product in Russia and Kazakhstan. When completed and online, over 250 permanent positions plus an estimated 200,000 indirect jobs will be created. The CPC crude oil pipeline system offers increased possibilities for export of Kazakhstan and Russian oil to the West. Furthermore, this endeavor opens the way to the development of greater Russian-Kazakhstan economic relations. According to a CPC spokesperson, "the CPC project will stimulate new oil extraction projects and will provide substantial economic benefits to all regions located along the pipeline route." As of February 2001, Neles Automation became known as Metso Automation. Robert Hickox, Project Leader, Metso Automation, Calgary, Alberta, Canada INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CASPIAN STUDIES EURASIA is the official newsletter of IICS http://www.caspianstudies.com news@caspianstudies.com |