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Каспинфо июль 2001 |
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Название: Материалы на английском Главные Пункты: * Краткое описание основных месторождений и нефтепроводов (существующих и проектируемых) на Каспии. * Предвыборная кампания Дж.Буша-мл., ранее владевшего нефтяной компанией, спонсировалась <нефтедолларами> ($2,8 млрд); Д.Чейни, вице-президент США, поддерживал разрешение нефтедобычи в Национальном Арктическом заповеднике дикой природы, а также информация об отношении к нефтебизнесу др. членов Правительства США. * CITES решила не сокращать квоты России, Казахстана, Туркменистана и Азербайджана на экспорт черной икры, т.к. страны договорились о запрете на лов осетровых до конца 2001 г., хотя специалисты считают эту меру неэффективной, т.к. осетр, живущий до 100 лет, начинает размножаться только в 15 лет. * и др. сообщения. (18.07.2001) Полный Текст Материалы на английском Материалы на английском *** /13:04 11.07.2001/ Main Caspian oil production and pipeline projects Competition to export the oil and gas wealth of the Caspian Sea will hot up in August when the first oil from Kazakhstan's giant Tengiz field finally flows out of a consortium-built pipeline at Russia's Novorossiisk port. The Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) line is the first major new pipe built to export oil from a region with estimated hydrocarbon reserves of up to 250 billion barrels. But many other schemes will follow. Below is a list of the main fields, followed by production and pipeline projects in the Caspian region: FIELDS -- TENGIZ is one of the world's largest oilfields with total reserves of about 25 billion barrels. It is developed by the Tengizchevroil joint venture, led by U.S. oil major Chevron (with 50 percent. Kazakhstan holds 20 percent of the venture, ExxonMobil 25 percent and LUKArco five percent. -- KASHAGAN is a more recent Kazakh oil find which, according to some estimates, could contain as much as 50 billion barrels of oil, making it possibly the largest field to be discovered in the past three decades. It is being developed by an international consortium OKIOC, with Italy's ENI (Montreal:ENI.M - news) as the project operator. -- AZERI-CHIRAG-GUNESHLI is operated by BP and belongs to the Azerbaijan International Operating Company. The complex's output will be ramped up to at least 450,000 barrels per day (bpd) by 2005 and one million bpd by 2010 from a current 100,000-130,000 bpd. -- There are two blocks on Russian Caspian territory -- the Severny, owned by LUKOIL , and a block offshore from the Volga Delta, owned equally by LUKOIL, Gazprom and YUKOS . The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources estimates reserves in the Russian sector at 4.4 billion barrels. -- Turkmenistan also has big oil and gas deposits, but so far has been unable to attract much international investment. It disputes Azerbaijan's ownership of the Azeri and Chirag fields and threatens legal action if Baku continues working them. PIPELINES -- The CASPIAN PIPELINE CONSORTIUM is a 1,500-km (930 mile) link from Tengiz to Novorossiisk. Initial capacity will be 560,000 barrels per day, rising to 1.35 million barrels a day. Shareholders are Chevron, the Russian, Kazakh and Oman governments, LUKOIL, Rosneft-Shell Caspian Ventures Mobil , Agip , BG (Kazakhstan Pipeline Ventures and Oryx . -- ATYRAU-SAMARA: an existing 690 km (430 mile) pipeline along which Kazakh oil is currently being pumped. It goes from the Tengiz field to Samara in Russia and thence to the Druzhba pipeline system. Its capacity is around 200,000 bpd. -- BAKU-CEYHAN: a proposed line of around 1,700 km (some 1,000 miles) from Azerbaijan to Turkey via Georgia, expected to cost $2.8-$2.9 billion. BP leads the sponsor group which plans to build the one million bpd capacity pipeline by 2005. The project is also heavily backed by the United States. -- BAKU-SUPSA: Some 100,000-130,000 bpd of oil from Azerbaijan's Chirag field is already being exported along a line from Baku to the Georgian port of Supsa. -- SHAKH DENIZ: Another BP-led consortium plans to build a link to feed gas from Azerbaijan's 15 trillion cubic feet Shakh Deniz gasfield into Turkey. -- KASHAGAN TO IRAN: TotalFinaElf is supporting a study of a pipeline from Kashagan across the Caspian to the Iranian border. A further pipeline could then be built to pipe Kazakh crude across Iran to Tehran's Gulf Export Terminals. CNA/www.caspian.ru *** VITAL STATISTICS: Greasing The Machine: Bush, His Cabinet and their Oil Connections George W. Bush, President With a mixed bag of business ventures in his background, Bush#s best move was to sell a small company he started in the 1970s called Bush Exploration/Arbusto to Spectrum 7, which was later acquired by Harken Energy. In return he received US$600,000 worth of stock, a US$120,000 contract per year and a lot of friends in the Texas oil scene. His presence helped Harken score contracts in the Middle East when the company#s management mentioned to the government of Bahrain that President Bush#s kid Ёis on our Board¦. No doubt Bush#s background with Harken will help them in their current struggle against well-organized social movements in Costa Rica, trying to stop this company from offshore oil drilling and exploration. During Bush#s campaign for President, oil money gushed into his campaign coffers: US$2.8 billion from energy companies and another US$2.3 million from the auto sector. Enron alone donated more than a million dollars to the Republican National Committee. Bush owns stock in General Electric, BP, Duke Energy, ExxonMobil, Newmont Gold Mining Corporation, Pennzoil and Tom Brown, Inc. Dick Cheney, Vice President Whether or not Dick Cheney is calling all the shots in the new administration or just most of them he clearly brings oil interests to the White House. After serving as Secretary of Defense under George Bush Sr., Dick left Ёpublic service¦ and settled in Dallas, Texas to head up the world#s biggest oil-services company, Halliburton (market value US$18.2 billion). Since 1992, Halliburton has contributed US$16.2 billion to the campaigns of Washington-bound politicians. Cheney#s record as a Wyoming Congressman from 1978 to 1989 hints at what#s to come. He co-sponsored a measure to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling and voted against the Clean Water Act which required industries to release their toxic emission records. Cheney is a member of a group called COMPASS (Committee to Preserve American Security and Sovereignty). Spencer Abraham, Secretary of Energy Abraham lost his race for re-election as Senator in his home state of Michigan, but that didn#t disqualify him from the directing the Department of Energy whose mission is to Ёfoster a secure and reliable energy system¦ for the US. Coming from Michigan, the state most identified with the car industry and home to ЁMotown¦ (aka Detroit) and to most major automobile manufacturers in the US. It is no wonder General Motors, Ford, DaimlerChrysler are on his list of campaign contributors from his days as an elected official. Given that this new Energy Secretary will be deciding on the thorny issue of fuel economy regulations, which have been the subject of a major environmental pressure campaign in order to reduce the number of gas-guzzling ЁSport Utility Vehicles¦ (SUVs) on America#s roads. Abraham personally fought to limit fuel-efficiency in SUV#s, as well as to cut research into renewable energy and to wipe out the federal gasoline tax. The car industry should now be confident they have nothing to fear. His connections to Lear, the maker of private jets, probably also eschews any hope of taxing aviation gas in the United States in this term. Gale Norton, Secretary of Interior A former corporate lawyer and passionate believer in -free-market environmentalism#. She is a longtime supporter of wide-open drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska and in the Rocky Mountains. As Secretary of the Interior she will inform the President on issues of management of Ёpublic¦ or federally controlled land. When she was Attorney General of Colorado, British Petroleum and Ford were amongst her contributors. An example of her attitude toward Corporate Criminals was set when she settled a case with Robert Friedland, the mining magnate who caused the largest cyanide spill in Colorado history at the Summitville mine in 1992. The settlement was for a paltry sum despite the fact that the government has spent nearly US$200 million to date trying to reclaim it and will spend another 100 years trying to repair the damage. On her appointment, staffers at the Interior Department building to down pictures celebrating US national parks and replaced them with pictures of the Trapper Mining Company in Craig, Colorado and its reclamation, where grass was planted after mining operations were done. Other pictures mounted where of an oil derrick off the US coast somewhere. A third is of a dam with a US flag on top and another is of the Rosebud Mine in Montana. Condaleeza Rice, National Security Adviser Rice is so conservative, she puts Ronald Regan to a newer shame. Her doctrine is to support only US national interests, and not that of the Ёinternational community¦ which she considers to be a myth. She has deep ties to the oil industry and right-wing think tanks like the Hoover Institute who are happy to know she now has the ear of the Commander in Chief on foreign policy and security issues. She spent a decade on the Board of oil giant Chevron Corporation, a service that earned her the honor of having one of its supertankers named ЁCondaleeza¦. Chevron is a big player in Nigeria where there is increasing US military involvement, including training of Nigerian military to police the oil fields and secure pipelines. Before her appointment as Security Advisor, she declared environmental and human rights organizations ЁThe Enemy.¦ Don Evans, Secretary of Commerce One of Evan#s greatest qualifications for running this agency which is responsible for promoting job creation, economic growth and sustainable development is that he was George W. Bush#s campaign manager and chief fundraiser in three separate elections. Other than that he has been CEO and Chairman of a relatively lackluster oil company called Tom Brown Inc. with interests in the inner Western states of the US. Evans was also a Board member of Sharp Drilling, an oil industry contractor. As the Secretary of Commerce he will also be overseeing the National Oceans and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA), the lead agency for regulating US oceans and air. This will likely torpedo any worthwhile research, science or policy recommendations on the issue of climate change. And since 25 percent of America#s domestic oil and natural gas production comes from offshore drilling the industry must be glad to have a friend on the inside. SOURCES: Project Underground and Wayne Ellwood of The New Internationalist, March 2001, Also published in a slightly different format in The New Internationalist, June 2001, www.newint.org; Special thanks to the Center for Responsive Politics and their great website www.opensecrets.org; ЁGive Alaska to the environmentalists: The Bush administration wants to open up public lands to the oil and gas industry,¦ by Jerry Taylor, The Financial Post, Canada, January 31, 2001. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Drillbits & Tailings is a monthly mining, oil and gas update published by Project Underground online in English and Spanish. Back-issues are archived on our web site or news items, however we cannot offer remuneration. Special thanks to our volunteers who helped to produce this edition of Drillbits & Tailings: Tracey Osborne, Darcie Whelan Kortan and Helene Busby. Research assistance for Drillbits & Tailing is provided by ImpactResearch: A Program of the DataCenter. 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To subscribe send a BLANK EMAIL to: englishdrillbits-subscribe@topica.com To unsubscribe send a BLANK EMAIL to: englishdrillbits-unsubscribe@topica.com Project Underground Supporting the human rights of communities resisting mining and oil exploitation 1916A Martin Luther King Jr Way Berkeley, CA 94703 TEL: +1 510 705 8981 FAX: +1 510 705 8983 EMAIL: project_underground@moles.org WEBSITE:http://www.moles.org ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Project Underground Drillbits & Tailings Volume 6, Number 4 June 30, 2001 *** /12:38 10.07.2001/ Oil prospects 'darken' for Azerbaijan Tehran, July 10. (CNA). Azerbaijan is expected to suffer another blow to its position as the centre of Caspian oil and gas prospects when Chevron of the US announces the results of its drilling at its offshore Absheron field this week, IRNA reports citing the Financial Times. The US company has found only a "very thin gas layer" at the site believed to hold up to 1,000 billion cubic meters of gas, according to industry analysts quoted by the Financial Times. The failure to find substantial hydrocarbon reserves would be the fourth in Azerbaijan this year. ExxonMobil of the US reported a dry well in the Oguz offshore concession last week. Italy's Agip and TotalFinaElf of France have also announced similar results. The daily quoted Thane Gustafson of the Cambridge Energy Research Associates suggesting there could be a northward shift in Caspian energy, following an immense find in Kazakhstan's Kashagan offshore structure and two smaller discoveries in the Russian sector. Although Azerbaijan boasts such projects as the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli oil fields and Shah Deniz gas structure, it has yet to strike oil since exploration in its offshore sector began three years ago, the daily pointed out. CNA/www.caspian.ru *** /13:10 10.07.2001/ Fives round of Azeri-Georgian negotiations on gas export Baku. July 10. (CNA). The fives round of negotiations on the project on construction of Baku-Tbilisi-Erzerum gas pipeline for gas transportation from Shakh-Deniz contract gas field completed in Zurich, SOCAR officials informed CNА without going into details on the results of negotiations. The last negotiations were aimed at determining of tariffs for the Georgian side, as well as providing secure operation of the gas pipeline. Today, the sides of the project reached an accord on the right on land tenure with the corridor of gas pipeline, as well as on keeping to environment protecting and technical standards. Under the terms of Azeri-Turkish sale agreement, 89.2 billion cubic meters of Azeri gas will be exported to Turkey within 2004-2018. Thus, in 2004 the initial volume of the export is to stand at 2 billion cubic meters, in 2005 - 3 billion cubic meters, in 2006 - 5 billion cubic meters and in 2007-2018 - some 6.6 billion cubic meters of gas each year. CNA/www.caspian.ru *** /16:41 10.07.2001/ Gazprom officials to discuss Blue Stream project Moscow, July 10. (CNA). Session of Gazprom open jsc headed by the Chairman of Board of Directors Alexsey Miller will take place on July 11 in Krasnodar. According to one of experts of Gazprom the participants of the session will focus their attention on Blue Stream project. The project foresees construction of gas main for gas supply from Russia to Turkey via the Black Sea. An expert informed that "ecological aspect of the project" will be on the agenda of the session. It is noteworthy, that recently a number of Russian experts came forward against the decision made by the Russian government this May on providing forest area for laying the gas main. This area - part of Gelenjik resort - is under the state protection. Public environmental organizations have already raised an issue on violations of legislation in the process of gas pipeline construction. Blue Stream project is being implemented by Gazprom open jsc, in close cooperation with the ENI Italian company. CNA/www.caspian.ru *** Caspian Caviar Gets Reprieve Toronto Star, July 7, 2001 By Greg Frost Export restrictions on the endangered delicacy are deferred until the end of 2001 The world body regulating trade in endangered species last week deferred a clampdown on caviar exports for six months, to the relief of gourmets but to the chagrin of conservationists. The United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) voted not to restrict the multi-million-dollar international caviar trade of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan after the countries made new concessions. "This is an excellent decision that is in the best interests of sturgeon conservation," said Kenneth Stansell, chairman of the CITES standing committee. The U.N. body had warned that illegal fishing and sales, often involving organized crime, and the destruction of spawning sites have decimated the Caspian Sea's stock of sturgeon, whose unfertilized eggs are caviar. The group originally recommended limiting the amount of caviar each of the four countries can legally export to 20 per cent of current foreign sales. But the four littoral states last week agreed on a new plan aimed at improving management of sturgeon resources and fighting the illegal trade. In another concession this week, the countries agreed to halt sturgeon fishing for the rest of the year although conservationists questioned the effectiveness of this move. The final agreement gives the Caspian states until the end of 2001 to conduct a comprehensive survey of sturgeon supplies and agree how to manage these supplies, including setting catch and export quotas for 2002. CITES warned that if the countries do not comply with the agreement, they will not be able to export any of the briny delicacy legally next year. While CITES officials trumpeted their success, conservation organizations said the agreement will not do enough to save the sturgeon. "CITES made important progress but this package falls short of what is necessary to save these fish, particularly the Beluga sturgeon, which is on the brink of extinction," said Lisa Speer of the U.S.-based Natural Resources Defence Council. She said the agreement did not set any long-term reduction in sturgeon fishing or caviar export quotas, which she said was the only real way of saving the fish. "The fact there are no reductions in long-term quotas is a significant failure," she said. "These animals live until they are 100 and don't start spawning until they are 15, so a six-month halt in the catch will not solve the problem." There are six sturgeon species native to the Caspian. But officials think the dark-coloured Beluga probably no longer breeds outside fish farms. According to research by a Russian scientist, the number of mature Beluga females, or spawners, in the Volga River dropped to around 1,800 in 1996 from 12,700 a decade earlier. Officials trace the problem to pollution and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Until then, Moscow and Tehran essentially controlled the world caviar market, investing heavily in maintaining fish stocks. The demise of the Soviet Union upset the market balance, and many entrepreneurs dealing in "black gold" sprang up to replace state-owned companies. CITES estimates that illegal sales of caviar in the Caspian countries excluding Iran, where the business is still closely regulated are running at around 10 times the legal traffic. The business is probably worth about $1.5 billion a year in revenue, but only some $150 million is generated from official sales and exports. Most caviar is consumed in the producing countries, where 500 grams of the tiny black fish eggs sell for a mere $37, against some $3,000 in the main export markets such as the United States, Canada, Germany and France. Russian Environmental Digest -- the world's major English-language press on environmental issues in Russia 2 July - 8 July 2001, Vol. 3, No. 27 |