Каспинфо
июль 2001

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Название: Новости Каспийской экологической программы (на анг. яз.)
Главные Пункты:
* Проводится анкетирование всех заинтересованных организаций Каспийского региона для целей трансграничного диагностического Анализа Каспийской Экологической Программы. Анкета прилагается.
(31.07.2001)

Полный Текст
Новости Каспийской экологической программы (на анг. яз.)
Questionnaire for CEP Regional Stakeholder Analysis

This survey is an important contribution to the Caspian Environment
Programme's Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis. The Caspian
Environment Programme (CEP) is a regional programme established by the
Caspian littoral states and international agencies including The World
Bank, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP). A goal of the Caspian Environment
Programme is to improve the lives of the people in the Caspian region
by improving the environment of the Caspian Sea.

The Caspian Environment Programme is eager to develop a set of
realistic, achievable objectives that enhance the condition of the
Caspian Sea. In order to best serve the Caspian community, it is
important to identify its stakeholders.

In order to determine what groups have active interests in the
environment of the Caspian Sea, what these interests are, and how
these interests relate to other interests in the region, your
assistance with this survey is needed. Your answers will be tabulated
with others from the region and analyzed to determine those
environmental interests that are most pervasive in the region. No
individual survey or participant will be identified in any report.
Please answer the questions below to the best of your ability, by
writing the number of your response in the space provided.

General Information
1._____ What state are you from? (Please circle one)
Azerbaijan IR Iran Kazakhstan Russian
Federation Turkmenistan Other:__________________

2._____ What type of organization do you represent? (If you represent
more than one category, please list these as well.)
1. Environmental Ministry
2. Foreign Affairs Ministry
3. Economic Ministry
4. Agriculture/Fisheries Ministry
5. Energy Ministry
6. Regional Government
7. Municipal Government
8. Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
9. State owned industry
10. Private industry
11. Multinational corporation
12. Scientific community
13. Educator
14. Public health providers
15. International organization
16. Student
17. Farming/fishing large industry
18. Farming/fishing artesanal industry
19. Other ____________________


3._____ How large is your organization (number of people in the
Caspian Region)?
1. 1-10 people
2. 10-50 people
3. 50-100 people
4. 100-500 people
5. 500 + people

4._____ How long has your organization existed?
1. Less than 1 year
2. Between 1 and 5 years
3. Between 5 and 10 years
4. Between 10 and 30 years
5. More than 30 years


Perceived Problems and Issues
National experts from Caspian Countries have identified 6 major
perceived problems and issues and two emerging problems and issues.
Below are a series of statements. We are interested in your opinions
regarding these perceived problem and issues. These perceived problems
and issues are: decline in certain fish stocks, degradation of the
coastal landscape, threats to biodiversity, decline in overall
environmental quality, decline in human health, damage to coastal
infrastructure and amenities. The emerging perceived problems and
issues are: potential damage from oil and gas activities and threats
from invasive, exotic species of living organisms.

Please rank order how you would prioritize the perceived problems and
issues listed below from a rank of 8 the most important perceived
problem and issue to a rank of 1 for the least important perceived
problem and issue
5._____ Decline in certain fish stocks
6._____ Degradation of the coastal landscape
7._____ Threats to biodiversity
8._____ Decline in overall environmental quality
9._____ Decline in human health
10._____ Damage to coastal infrastructure and amenities
11._____ Potential damage from oil and gas activities
12._____ Threats from invasive, exotic species of living organisms

13._____ Is there a perceived problem or issue that should be added to
this list? If so, what is it? (You may list more than one, please
answer below)




Root Causes
A "root cause" is the reason that something happens, distilled to the
most basic level. National experts from the Caspian Countries have
identified root causes for the perceived problems and issues listed
above. Often several of these perceived problems and issues share the
same root cause. Please help us by telling us how important you feel
these root causes are to environmental problems in the Caspian.

Please prioritize the root causes, listed in numbers 14 to 25 for
level of importance,
with 1 = least critical, 2=critical, 3= most critical:

14._____ Non-sustainable use of resources
15._____ Lack of advanced technologies
16._____ Regional poverty
17._____ Regional over population
18._____ Abuse of power
19._____ Lack of sufficient enforcement of current environmental laws
20._____ Undefined legal status
21._____ Lack of property rights
22._____ Sea level change
23._____ Lack of public awareness of environmental problems
24._____ Weakness in civil society
25._____ Weakness in rule of law

26._____ What root causes have not been identified in this list?
(Please answer below)







Environmental Attitudes
Below are a series of statements designed to gauge how people think
about the environment. We would like to know how strongly you agree or
disagree with these statements. Please assign a number to each
statement based on this scale of agreement:
Strongly agree No opinion Strongly disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

27._____ It is more important for people to use the Caspian resources
that they need than it is to leave them untouched because of
environmental concerns.
28._____ The environment of the Caspian must be protected at all
costs.
29._____ It is possible to develop programs that balance human needs
with care for the environment.
30._____ People will not care about protecting and preserving the
environment if they are hungry and need shelter.
31._____ If the economy were stronger, the environment would be
cleaner.
32._____ The preservation of the Caspian eco-system cannot take place
at the same time as oil drilling activities.
33._____ There are fewer fish in the Caspian than there used to be
because of recent oil drilling.
34._____ The environment can be protected without a strong economy.
35._____ Government, industry and the public can all agree about how
to care for the Caspian Sea.
36._____ Multinational Corporations and the energy industry do not
care about the environment.
37._____ Unless there is a severe environmental crisis in the Caspian
region, care for the environment will not be a priority for
governments.
38._____ Unless there is a severe environmental crisis, care for the
environment will not be a priority for the people.
39._____ People will not change their lifestyles to protect endangered
species.
40._____ The government should spend money on the basic needs of
people, like housing, health care and good jobs, before it spends
money on protecting the environment.
41._____ It is more important to protect natural habitats than it is
to enhance economic development.
42._____ It is possible to have economic growth and environmental
protection at the same time.

Regional stakeholders
43._____ Which one of perceived problems and issues most strongly
affects your organization?
1. Decline in certain fish stocks
2. Degradation of the coastal landscape
3. Threats to biodiversity
4. Decline in overall environmental quality
5. Decline in human health
6. Damage to coastal infrastructure and amenities
7. Potential damage from oil and gas activities
8. Threats from invasive, exotic species of living organisms

44._____ Which of the other issues in question 43 also affect your
organization?

45._____ My organization/group might be a contributing factor to which
of the issues in question 43?

46._____ In your opinion, which single group listed below is most
responsible for improving the condition of the Caspian environment?
1. Local industries
2. International industries
3. Municipal governments
4. Regional governments
5. Federal governments
6. International organizations
7. Citizen groups/ NGOs
8. Coastal Communities
9. Fishermen
10. Educators
11. Other: ___________________________

47._____ In your opinion, which group in question 46 is the most
likely to bring about positive environmental change in the Caspian
environment?

48._____ In your opinion, which group in question 46 will benefit the
most from positive change in the Caspian environment?

49._____ With which groups in question 46 does your organization work
on a regular basis?

50._____ With which groups in question 46 does your organization
desire to work?

51._____ Of the groups listed in question 46, please list all of the
groups you believe would be eager to collaborate with your
organization with regards to improving the environment?

52._____ Does your group work with groups in other Caspian countries?
If so, which countries? (Please answer below)



Thank you for your time and effort!



Optional Questions
There are a set of optional questions below, targeting certain
perceived problems and issues. You may choose which sets of questions
(if any) you would like to answer, or you may answer all of these. We
are very interested in your opinions.
These questions are in statement form. We would like to know how
strongly you agree or disagree with these statements. Please assign a
number to each statement based on this scale of agreement:

Strongly agree No opinion Strongly disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1


Decline in Certain Fish Stocks
53._____ My grandparents ate more food from the Caspian waters than I
do.
54._____ I eat fish from the Caspian at least three times per week.
55._____ I think it is safe and healthy to eat fish from the Caspian.
56._____ Pollution is the primary reason that there are fewer fish in
the Caspian.
57._____ Radiation is the primary reason there are fewer fish in the
Caspian.
58._____ Even if it is illegal, some fish will still be caught for
profit.
59._____ The fishermen benefit most from the fish they catch.
60._____ People, other than fisherman, make money from the illegal
fishing of some species.
61._____ An enforced system of mutually agreed upon fishing limits
would be effective for reducing over-fishing in the Caspian. Careful-
there is one, right?
62._____ There are enough hatcheries to support all commercial fishing
stocks.
63._____ All barriers to fish migration should be removed.

Degradation of Coastal Landscape
64._____ Farmers using herbicides and pesticides should be taught
natural ways to reduce use of these chemicals. (For instance: organic
farming methods, crop rotation, more appropriate crop selection based
on climate and soil, genetically engineered crops, training,
education, other chemicals or synthetics)
65._____ It would be helpful to have coordinated coastal management
plans in the Caspian region to help preserve the environment.
66._____ There should be fees for water used in the irrigation of
crops.
67._____ There should be limits on some activities in certain zones of
the coastal region.
68._____ Landscape degradation is mostly due to human activities, such
as oil drilling and pesticide use.
69._____ Communities in the Caspian region use forest resources
wisely.
70._____ Current laws are not strong enough to protect natural
resources around the Caspian.

Threats to Biodiversity
71._____ There should be a network of marine and wetland nature
preserves all around the Caspian.
72._____ My organization supports strengthening laws protecting
sensitive areas even if it limits access to those areas.
73._____ There is no problem with how agriculture or industrial
chemicals are stored near the Caspian waters.
74._____ Agricultural and industrial wastes flowing into the Caspian
threaten marine and coastal species.
75._____ It is necessary to protect fish spawning sites in the Caspian

76._____ There is sufficient sharing of information about
environmental quality between groups concerned about the Caspian
environment.
77._____ The environment of the Caspian is not suffering.

Decline in Overall Environmental Quality
78._____ There is adequate scientific knowledge about the causes of
environmental decline in the Caspian.
79._____ There should be more environmental monitoring projects that
involve NGOs, scientists and private sector collaboration.
80._____ Private industry should take all responsibility for reversing
environmental degradation of the Caspian.
81._____ Air quality is a significant problem in the Caspian region.
82._____ Better technology for environmental preservation would
enhance the Caspian region.

Human Health
83._____ In the Caspian region, the biggest threat to the human
population is the lack of safe drinking water.
84._____ If there were a stronger economy, people would be healthier
in the Caspian region..
85._____ People are healthier today than they were 20 years ago in the
Caspian region.
86._____ Industrial runoff has caused people to be sick.
87._____ There is nothing that can be done about human health in the
region.
88._____ Public health must be the concern of the government.
89._____ Radioactive materials have led to a decline in human health.
90._____ People would be healthier if the environment were cleaner.

Damage to Coastal Infrastructure and Amenities
91._____ Soil erosion contributes to the decline in environmental
quality of the Caspian.
92._____ Coastal cities and towns dump most municipal wastes into the
water on the Caspian
93._____ Mining activities reduce the water quality of the Caspian.


94._____ Sea level fluctuation has been responsible for most damage to
the coastal infrastructure.

Oil and Gas Sector Based Contamination
95._____ The Caspian environment would be improved if all oil and gas
activities used best available technologies.
96._____ A petroleum industry based legal agreement for marine
pollution from oil would reduce oil pollution in the Caspian.
97._____ There are adequate oil reception facilities in the Caspian
region.

Invasive Species
98._____ I have seen unusual creatures in the Caspian that were not
there ten years ago.
99._____ All steps should be taken to limit invasive species that
threaten the ecosystem.
100._____ Invasive species are creating significant environmental
degradation in the Caspian.





Thank you for your participation in this survey!


If you have questions or comments, please contact Mary M. Matthews at:
E-mail: caspianenvironment@hotmail.com
Or contact the individual who distributed this questionnaire to you.


The completed Regional Stakeholder Analysis will be available on the
CEP web page later this year. Please visit:
http://www.caspianenvironment.org