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Каспинфо апрель 2001 |
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Название: Материалы на английском - II Главные Пункты: * Краткое описание программы Гарвардского университета "Обучение и исследование по Каспийскому региону", которая выполняется с 1999 года. * На примере Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа и Сахалина демонстрируется негативное влияние ресурсодобывающей деятельности на природную среду Сибири и Дальнего Востока. * Введенный в эксплуатацию в марте 2001 новый нефтепровод КТК протяженностью 1580 км позволит перекачивать 17,3 млн т нефти в год с казахского месторождения Тенгиз в российский черноморский порт Новороссийск. По мнению экспертов, пуск нефтепровода является значительным шагом России на пути к доминирующему положению на Каспии. * Содержание мартовского бюллетеня Кавказской сети экологических НПО - CENN. Материалы доступны на www.cenn.org. (09.04.2001) Полный Текст Материалы на английском - II Материалы на английском - II *** http://ksgnotes1.harvard.edu/BCSIA/SDI.nsf/web/Caspian Caspian Studies Program -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Caspian Studies Program Publications Information About the Caspian Studies Program's Publication Series I FELLOWSHIP OPPORTUNITIESI UPCOMING EVENTS I CASPIAN STUDIES PROGRAM BACKGROUND I CASPIAN STUDIES PROGRAM EVENT SUMMARIES I LINKS FOR THE CASPIAN REGION I New! Read the third issue in a series of Caspian Studies Program Policy Briefs: "Energy Security: How Valuable is Caspian Oil?" by Lucian Pugliaresi * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CASPIAN STUDIES PROGRAM and AZERBAIJAN INITIATIVE In October 1999, Harvard University launched a new multi-year program designed to promote research, teaching, and outreach about the Caspian region. Based at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and organized by the Strengthening Democratic Institutions Project (SDI) of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (BCSIA), the new Caspian Studies Program and Azerbaijan Initiative are made possible by a generous gift from the United States-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce and a consortium of companies led by Exxon, Mobil, Chevron, Aker-Maritime, CCC, and ETPM. Through the Program's research and teaching, the Caspian Studies Program will help raise the profile of the region's opportunities and problems, and utilize Harvard resources to train new leaders who will shape the future of the region. The research agenda focuses on three inter-connected issues: a.. American national interests in the Caspian Basin; b.. Specific geopolitical realities and trends in the states bordering the Caspian Sea; c.. U.S. political, economic, and security strategies toward the Caspian. One of the prime objectives of the Caspian Studies Program is the presentation of findings to policymakers in the U.S. government and other governments-- both executive and legislative branches-- in formats designed to be most effective for policy work. To encourage dialogue among policymakers, scholars, and practitioners, the Program includes the following programs designed to share the most current analysis and research, foster an open exchange of views, and help shape informed policy. a.. Congressional Workshop on the Caspian Basin: A workshop for leading members of the U.S. Congress and Executive Branch to raise awareness of American strategic interests in the Caspian region. b.. Experts Conferences on the Prospects for the Caspian Region: A one-and-a-half day conference of leading U.S. and international experts on the Caspian region to debate key policy issues and put forward concrete recommendations for action. c.. Caucasus and Caspian Seminar Series: Building on SDI's 1996-1998 seminar series, this series will address critical issues in the region, and will feature leading academics and key policymakers from the U.S. and the region. The seminar series' Working Papers will be distributed to better inform policymakers, the academic community, and the media. d.. Azerbaijan Initiative: An integral component of the Caspian Studies Program, this initiative will sponsor the training of emerging leaders from Azerbaijan through the U.S.-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce Fellowships which will support participation in degree and executive programs at the John F. Kennedy School of Government. The Initiative will also include presentations, briefings, and working papers on critical issues related to Azerbaijan. RECENT ACTIVITIES Publications: It's Wrong to Spurn Asia's New Muslim States, Brenda Shaffer's op-ed in the Boston Globe, January 2, 2001. Washington Cannot Stop Russian Nuclear Deals with Tehran, Brenda Shaffer's op-ed in the International Herald Tribune, December 28, 2000 Caspian Studies Program Policy Brief No. 3: "Energy Security: How Valuable is Caspian Oil?," by Lucian Pugliaresi, January 2001. One of the most frequently asked question about the Caspian region is this: if the amount of oil in the region represents only a fraction of world supply, why all the commotion about pipelines and investments? This policy brief from Harvard's Caspian Studies Program Policy Brief Series, written by Mr. Pugliaresi who is President of LPI Consulting, Inc. in Washington D.C., discusses the contribution of Caspian oil to world energy security. Caspian Studies Program Policy Brief No. 2: "Military Cooperation between Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Moldova in the GUUAM Framework", by Tomas Valasek, December 2000. Valasek, a Senior Analyst at the Center for Defense Information in Washington, analyzes the goals of the GUUAM association. As part of the incoming administration's policy formation toward the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Russia, the emergence of the GUUAM group should be taken into account. The member states of this security association regard this organization very seriously and see it as a vehicle for increasing cooperation with the U.S., including in the security realm. Seminars and Discussions: a.. On December 13, the Program hosted a seminar with Ambassador John Wolf, the former Special Advisor to the President and Secretary of State for Caspian Basin Energy Policy. Wolf discussed the role of the United States as a catalyst in the Caspian region. He described the logic of the planned East-West energy pipeline from Baku to Ceyhan and discussed the progress made on this front in his 18 month tenure as Special Advisor. a.. What are the major U.S. and Russian interests in the Caspian Region? What is the nature of U.S.-Russian interactions in the Caspian? On October 22-23, the Caspian Studies Program held a conference entitled U.S.-Russian Relations: Implications for the Caspian Region, on these questions and others. Among the nearly 40 participants were former Russian Ambassador Anatoly Adamishin, U.S. Ambassador Carey Cavanaugh, Jon Elkind of the National Security Council, Fiona Hill of the Brookings Institute, Paul Goble of RFE/RL, and security experts Steven Miller, Stephen Walt, and Monica Toft. For a complete program, go to the event summaries page. View photos from the event. a.. In mid-September, the Program held three seminars on regional conflicts and the possibilities for peaceful resolution. Professor Bruno Coppetiers spoke on September 20th on "Federalization and Conflict Resolution in the South Caucasus," writer Tom de Waal gave a talk about resolving Nagorny Karabagh on September 18th, and Jonathan Cohen discussed the Georgia-Abkhazia peace process on September 14th. Check our event summaries page for photos, summaries and transcripts (the latter soon to be posted) of these three events. a.. On August 24th, the Caspian Studies Program and the Wexner-Israel Fellowship Program hosted a dialogue between students at the Kennedy School of Government about mutual perceptions and relations between Azerbaijan and Israel. Five students from Azerbaijan, four of whom are US-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce Fellows, and ten Wexner fellows from Israel participated in the discussion. There were several presentations made. KSG MPA student Ramin Isayev, a Senior Economist at Statoil, gave a short talk with facts about Azerbaijan for the Israelis. Roni Yannay, a Lieutenant Colonel and Chief of Branch in the Israeli Defense Force, and an MPA student at the Kennedy School, gave a subjective characterization of his country by describing his family background. Brenda Shaffer, Research Director of the Caspian Studies Program, spoke about Israeli-Azerbaijani relations as they have developed since the Soviet dissolution, and about lessons that Israel can learn by studying Iran's policies towards Azerbaijan. View more Caspian Studies Program events. Visits to Washington: a.. On February 15, Program Chairman and BCSIA Director Graham Allison (pictured, on right) was the master of ceremonies at a dinner honoring President Heydar Aliyev (pictured, on left) during his visit to the US. The event was dedicated to the Program and celebrated its activities. b.. Also in February, the Program co-hosted a breakfast on Capitol Hill with Senator Sam Brownback to brief members of Congress about the Caspian region and America's national interests there. BCSIA Director Graham Allison, Senator Brownback, former Ambassador William Courtney, and Ross Wilson, Principal Deputy Special Advisor for the New Independent States, were the featured speakers. a.. On May 19, Graham Allison moderated a panel discussion at a conference on the Hill, "Energy, Transportation, and Security in the Caucasus and Caspian Region." Representatives of the US government, officials from the region, and oil executives participated in the event. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S.-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce Fellowships: a.. Fuad Akhundov, Senior Inspector at the National Central Bureau of Interpol, and Tahir Kerimov, Senior Specialist at the President's Foreign Relations Department, have received USACC fellowships to study in a year-long mid-career MPA Program. They are joined by their fellow countryman Ramin Isayev, Senior Economist for Statoil, who is studying in the same degree program. b.. Dr. Afghan Abdullayev, Dean, School of Humanities, Khazar University in Baku was the first recipient of a USACC fellowship under the auspices of the Caspian Studies Program. Dr. Abdullayev enrolled in the Executive Education Program "Leadership in the 21st Century" at the Kennedy School, May 7-12, 2000. (Dr. Abdullayev is pictured front and center, together with, from left to right: Melissa Carr, Ben Dunlap, Emily Van Buskirk, Emily Goodhue, Vladimir Boxer, Henry Hale, Katherine Hubbard, and Brenda Shaffer.) a.. Elmina Kazimzade, Deputy Director of the Open Society Institute- Azerbaijan, received a USACC fellowship for participation in a program entitled Strategic Public Sector Negotiations. b.. USACC Fellows Kamil Khassiyev and Elchin Amirbekov, both from the International Organizations Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Azerbaijan, took part in the Senior Executives in National and International Security program. a.. PRESS RELEASE: Click here to read about the appointment of Mobil Executive Maury Devine as a Caspian Fellow at Harvard. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Click here to find out about the background of SDI's Caspian Studies Program. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- CASPIAN STUDIES PROGRAM PERSONNEL Graham Allison, Chairman Melissa Carr, SDI Project Coordinator and CSP Program Director Brenda Shaffer, CSP Research Director Emily Goodhue, SDI Staff Assistant Emily Van Buskirk, SDI Research Assistant RESEARCH FELLOWS Maury Devine, Fellow, Caspian Studies Program, Kennedy School of Government Peter Rutland, Fellow, Caspian Studies Program, Kennedy School of Government EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Robert Blackwill, Belfer Lecturer in Public Policy, Kennedy School of Government (former Ambassador) Ashton Carter, Ford Foundation Professor of Science and International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government (former Assistant Secretary of Defense) John Deutch, Institute Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (former Director of the CIA) Fiona Hill, Director of Strategic Planning, Eurasia Foundation John Reppert, Executive Director for Research, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more information, contact Melissa Carr at (617)495-1356 or via email. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- BCSIA HOME I BCSIA MEDIA INFO I ABOUT BCSIA I BCSIA PROGRAMS I BCSIA PUBLICATIONS BCSIA NEWSLETTER I BCSIA EVENTS I BCSIA FELLOWSHIPS I PEOPLE I BCSIA LIBRARY I MAP --------------------------------------------------------------------------- *** Black Ice and Crimson Glow: Siberia and the Russian Far East "It is painful to see how the few improvements in the lives of northern peoples...are more than canceled out by the damages from the organizations developing these regions. Over many years, day and night, the gas-burning flames around Nizhnyevartovsk have been lighting everything in a crimson glow, oil has been floating on the tributaries of the Ob, the forest has been cut down on the shores of the Taz and the Iceland moss in the reindeer pastures of Yamal have been perishing under the tracks of cross-country vehicles and through burning." - Aleksandr Pika and Boris Prokhorov The Former Soviet Union has a long history of oil and gas exploitation. Much of the operations have taken place in northwestern Siberia, which produces 78 percent of Russia's oil and 84 percent of its natural gas. The same area is populated by seven indigenous nations for whom oil and gas activities have led to serious environmental, social, and health problems. In Khant-Mansy Autonomous District of Western Siberia, as many as 1,000 oil spills occur every year, according to the Regional Ecological Committee. Many indigenous families have lost their access to adequate pastures for reindeer herding, a cornerstone of their economic and cultural well-being. Oil companies' response has been token at best. For example, in return for leasing its land to the U.S. oil company Amoco (just recently purchased by British Petroleum), one family received a walkie-talkie, a generator, 8 sacks of flour, sugar, tea, and 8 round batteries. Writing about oil development's impacts on the Eastern Khanty peoples, Andrew Wiget and Olga Balalaeva noted that: "By the early 1980s Samotlor, the name of the region's first major area of petroleum development near Nizhnevartovsk, had already become a mark of shame. Today throughout the area, oil spills and casual pollution blacken the wetlands, raised roads trap water causing flooding and ruining the forests, fires caused by oil worker carelessness and petroleum-soaked debris send columns of smoke into the air, and acid rain blights huge territories. Western Siberia, like the America's Appalachian coal fields at the beginning of this century, has become a national sacrifice area." According to Ecojuris, a public interest environmental law firm in Moscow, additional proposed development in Western Siberia's Khant-Mansy territory does not comply with Russian environmental law and threatens pristine forests and rich wildlife. Large-scale exploration and development is also under way on the continental shelf of Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk. Sakhalin's oil and gas operators includes such companies as Royal Dutch/Shell, Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Marathon, and Exxon, and is financially backed by bilateral and multilateral agencies as European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the U.S. government's Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and Export-Import Bank of Japan. The Russian federal government sees "black gold" as its major resource to be developed for hard currency. These new projects threaten critical northern ecosystems. For example, offshore development in Russia's Far East threatens more than half of the world's remaining wild Pacific salmon. The Sea of Okhotsk is vital habitat for pollock and Kamchatka crab, which alone provide up to 20 percent of Russia's fish catch. Native communities including the Koryak and Itel'men people depend on fish from this region. The Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea also provide important habitat for grey whales, endangered stellar's sea lions and a large diversity of seabirds. Climactic conditions in the Sea of Okhotsk are severe. Ice sheers and high seas make oil development a risky venture, even with state of the art technology. Yet despite clear opposition from fishermen, environmental groups, and scientists, plans for oil exploration are moving forward. Environmental groups also worry about adequate oil spill response and mitigation plans and capabilities in case of a large spill. A recent map that compares the size of the Exxon Valdez spill to Sakhalin Island shows that such a spill could reach all the way to the shores of Hokkaido, thus impacting Japan's rich northern fisheries. The citizens of Russia have had little opportunity to express their concerns about Sakhalin oil development. Local environmental groups in Sakhalin that advocate for stronger environmental protection are harassed by the local government and attacked in the local press. Articles about the environmental impacts of Sakhalin development have been censored from Sakhalin's leading paper, which is financially supported in part by oil companies. While upgrading current petroleum operations to top environmental standards is a crucial step towards better protection of this expansive frontier, there is little evidence that the level of environmental safeguards offered by "best practices" is sufficient to warrant moving ahead with new projects. Local environmental groups including Kamchatka League of Independent Experts, Magadan Center for the Environment, the Fund for Protection of Salmon, the "Northern Pacific" Journal, and Sakhalin Environment Watch have banded together to oppose further oil exploration in the Sea of Okhotsk and in the Bering and Chukotka Seas. They point out that there is no reason to destroy Russia's vital fisheries economy, which supports many local communities, for oil that will only benefit large oil companies while threatening the seas with an environmental catastrophe. They are calling for a moratorium on oil and gas exploration in the Sea of Okhotsk, a call that was echoed in the resolution from a recent international conference on protection of biodiversity in the Russian Far East. - David Gordon, Pacific Environment and Resources Center *** Kazakhstan: Let It Flow The first oil flows through the Kazakh-Russian pipeline from the Caspian Sea. ALMATY, Kazakhstan--In a ceremony on 26 March, Kazakh and Russian officials were on hand to open the tap to allow oil to flow through a $2 billion pipeline from the giant Tengiz oil field in Kazakhstan to the Russian Black Sea port of Novorossiisk. Speaking at the ceremony, Kazakh Prime Minister Kasymzhomart Tokaev said that "the success of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) was appropriately synchronized with the celebrations of Kazakhstan's 10 years of independence and personifies the accomplishments of those 10 years." The opening of the tap came as the world's powers have been vying for control of the Caspian's extensive oil resources. The United States, Iran, and China have been pushing hard for their own pipelines, but Russia beat them to the punch. The United States has proposed a 1,730-kilometer pipeline between Baku, Azerbaijan and Ceyhan, Turkey as the primary export route for oil from the Caspian. Experts say the CPC venture gives Russia an edge in the "Great Game" to exert control over the Caspian Sea's vast energy reserves. Russia and Kazakhstan were also believed to be close to concluding a long-term treaty on the transit of Kazakh oil. According to Interfax-Kazakhstan, the treaty would be in effect for 10 or more years. In 2001, the capacity of Kazakh oil flowing through the territory of Russia will reach 17.3 million tons. According to the protocol of another Kazakh-Russian agreement, signed at the end of December last year, Kazakhstan can export 10.8 million tons of oil to neighboring countries through Russia and five million tons to farther-flung destinations. The initial capacity of the CPC pipeline will be 560,000 barrels per day to market, and that figure will ultimately rise to approximately 1.5 million barrels per day. The ceremony also began the CPC's process of filling up the 1,580-kilometer pipeline, which will take about 90 days and require approximately one million tons of oil. The Tengiz oil will reach the terminal at the shore of the Black Sea in June. According to a press release from the CPC, the first oil from the Tengiz-Novorossiisk pipeline will be refined by the Tengizshevroil joint venture, the biggest petroleum company in Kazakhstan. Last year, of the 30 million tons of oil extracted in Kazakhstan, 10.5 million tons were extracted by Tengizshevroil. In 2001, the company plans to extract about 12 million tons of oil. The first oil tanker will also set sail in June in Novorossiisk, after which the oil will be moved on tankers through the Bosporous. The CPC is owned by several different governments and multinational companies. Russia controls a 24 percent share and Kazakhstan a 19 percent share, while Oman holds 7 percent. The remaining 50 percent is held by corporations. Kazakhstan hopes to earn approximately $8.2 billion from the pipeline, two-thirds of it through taxation. Fifty percent of the revenue will be budgeted into the treasuries of the regions through which the pipeline is routed. --by Didar Amantay We want your feedback. If you have comments on this, or any other TOL article, please email us at react@tol.cz Copyright © 2001 Transitions Online. All rights reserved. *** Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN) 30 Electronic Bulletin: Caucasus Environmental News Dear Colleagues! Dear Reader (DR)! Welcome to the March issue of the Caucasus Environmental News (CEN) electronic bulletin prepared by participants of the Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN). You are welcomed to share with us your opinions about the CENN bulletin. If you have any comments or questions, we will be happy to consider and answer. Thank you in advance for your assistance and cooperation. CENN *************************************************************************** >From September 1998 till March 2000, Caucasus Environmental News (CEN) had been produced through the generous support of Northern Eurasia Environmental Assistance Project of Sacred Earth Network (SEN) (visit web-page: http://www.igc.org/sen) Since March 2000, the Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN) and the production of our electronic bulletin - Caucasus Environmental News have been funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the Environmental Information Systems and Networking Project (EISN). *************************************************************************** VISIT CENN WEB SITE: http://post.net.ge/cenn TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ANNOUNCEMENTS 1.1 NEW WEB ADDRESS OF CENN 1.2 NEW GRANTS COMPETITION 1.3 CONTEST FOR INNOVATIVE IRRIGATION IDEAS AND TECHNOLOGIES 1.4 THE GLOBIO PROJECT 1.5 TRANSCASPIAN COOPERATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL GRANTS PROGRAM 1.6 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION PROGRAM (B.C. CANADA) 1.7 $2000 MINI GRANTS FOR ORGANISING GLOBAL YOUTH SERVICE DAY!! 1.8 THE EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS CENTER 2. JOB, INTERNSHIP AND STUDY OPPORTUNITIES 2.1 JOB OPPORTUNITY LINKS 2.2 ANNOUNCEMENT - MEDWET COORDINATOR POSITION 2.3 CALL FOR APPLICATION FOR A POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP 2.4 WORKCAMPS IN YUGOSLAVIA 2.5 POST-DOCTORAL FELLOW POSITION, ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL SCIENCE 2.6 NEW SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COURSE 2.7 A NUMBER OF POSITIONS, UNDP, NEW YORK 3 NEWS FROM GEORGIA 3.1 THE WORLD BANK FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 3.2 RADIOACTIVE WASTE IS BEING TRANSPORTED TO THE SAFE ZONE 3.3 THE ELECTRIC POWER STATION BEING CONSTRUCTED ON THE RIVER CHOROKHI THREATEN AJARA WITH FLOOD 3.4 CONSTRUCTION OF THE KULEVI OIL TERMINAL WILL BE COMPLETED IN SUMMER OF THE NEXT YEAR 3.5 EXPORT OF WOOD FROM BOLNISI TO ARMENIA IS STILL TAKING PLACE 3.6 KAZAKHSTAN WILL JOIN TO THE ?BAKU-TBILSI-CEYHANI MAIN EXPORT PIPELINE PROJECT IN THE NEAREST FUTURE 3.7 FRONTERA RESOURCES DOES NOT LEAVE GEORGIA 3.8 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRANSCAUCASUS GAS PIPELINE PROJECT HAS BEEN STARTED 3.9 THE WORLD BANK ALLOCATED A CREDIT TO GEORGIA 3.10 PRIVATE HUNTING GROUNDS WILL BE ESTABLISHED IN GEORGIA FOR THE FIRST TIME 3.11 THE ROUTE SHALL BE CHANGED 4 NEWS FROM AZERBAIJAN 4.1 DANES INTERESTED IN PURIFYING OIL-STAINED WATERS 4.2 URBAN WASTE DUMPED INTO CASPIAN 4.3 NATIONAL PARKS POSE INTEREST 4.4 ORS DAMES & MOORE WINS TENDER 4.5 OGUZ OPERATING COMPANY ISSUES EIA 4.6 UN, GEF PLEASED WITH WORK DONE 4.7 CASPIAN IS NOT A NORTH SEA 4.8 BP DEVELOPING ECOLOGICAL THINKING OF SCHOOLCHILDREN 4.9 OIL WASTE MANAGEMENT SITE BEING SET UP 4.10 16 VOLUNTEER PROJECTS GET UNDERWAY 4.11 AN ARRIVING OF REPRESENTATIVE OF API AMERICAN INSTITUTE IS EXPECTING TO BAKU 5. NEWS FROM ARMENIA 5.1 LET-S CLEAN UP OUR CAPITAL 5.2 DAM SAFETY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM 5.3 ANPP WON-T BE SHUT DOWN 5.4 WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT 5.5 CLEANNESS v PLEDGE OF GOOD HEALTH 5.6 WATER TO COMING GENERATIONS 5.7 YEREVAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM TO BE IMPROVED 5.8 ANOTHER SIX CENTIMETERS 5.9 DESERTIFICATION IN ARMENIA 5.10 WHETHER HOTEL MIGHT BE CONSTRUCTED IN MEMORIAL PARK? 5.11 ETROL BOOTHS DISMANTLED 6. NGO NEWS 6.1 AZERBAIJAN NGO NEWS DIGEST 6.2 CREATION OF NEW NATIONAL PARKS IS PLANNED IN GEORGIA 6.3 AROUND 400 NGOS IN AZERBAIJAN 6.4 ECOTOURISTS PROTECT APSHERON NATURE 6.5 ASKING FOR ASSISTANCE 6.6 NEW ASSOCIATION ASTROARCHAEOCAUCASUS 6.7 MEETING AT OSCE YEREVAN OFFICE 6.8 NGO STRENGTHENING PROGRAM IN YEREVAN 7 INTERNATIONAL NEWS 7.1 EXXON VALDEZ ANNIVERSARY ENERGIZES OPPOSITION TO ARCTIC DRILLING 7.2 HIGH LEVEL OFFICIALS LINK ENVIRONMENT AND TRADE 7.3 OVER 170 COUNTRIES MEET IN BONN TO ASSESS RESULTS OF PROGRAMMES AGAINST DESERTIFICATION WORLDWIDE 7.4 THE PIPELINE OF THE CASPIAN PIPELINE CONSORTIUM: WHAT THE PUBLIC KNOWS ABOUT THIS PROJECT? 7.5 MOTOR VEHICLES v PURE AIR ENEMIES 7.6 U.S. EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES CONTINUE TO INCREASE: COAL, OIL AND NATURAL GAS LARGEST SOURCES 7.7 JAWS OF JUSTICE CLOSE ON EUROPEAN ECO-CRIMINALS 7.8 FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE SPREAD TO MAINLAND EUROPE 7.9 CANADA LOSES APPEAL AS WTO BACKS FRENCH BAN ON ASBESTOS 7.10 TRADING KEEPS HALONS OUT OF THE OZONE 7.11 NEWS ABOUT GMO-S IN EUROPE 7.12 COUNTRIES OF ?EIGHTI ARE LOOKING FOR THE COMPROMISE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF THE CLIMATE 7.13 GREENHOUSE EFFECT CONFIRMED OVER 27 YEARS 7.14 RUSSIA: WILL CONSTRUCT THE FIRST IN THE WORLD A FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN THE WHITE SEA WITHIN FIVE YEARS 8 NEW PUBLICATIONS 8.1 WORLD BANK WEBSITE OF THE WEEK: RESEARCH 8.2 WEBSITE THAT MAKES IT EASY TO FIND PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 8.3 THE EXTENSION TOXICOLOGY NETWORK 8.4 NEW BOOK ON ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY, MCGILL UNIVERSITY 8.5 CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORESTRY LISTSERV 8.6 WWF INTERNATIONAL FEATURES 8.7 A NEW DOCUMENTS FROM IIASA FORESTRY PROJECT 8.8 FINAL VOLUME OF IPCC ASSESSMENT 8.9 FOREST ENERGY FORUM NO 7 IS ON-LINE 8.10 GUIDELINES FOR PARTICIPATORY DIAGNOSIS OF CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOIL AND PLANT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT 8.11 GREETINGS FROM B-SPAN 8.12 THE CONSERVATION HANDBOOK 8.13 WEBSITES OF INTEREST 8.14 35 NEW WEB SITES ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ENVIRONMENT ACTIVITIES HAVE JUST BEEN ADDED TO SD ONLINE 9. CALENDAR (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES/SEMINARS/MEETINGS) 9.1 MAY 9.2 JUNE 9.3 JULY 9.4 AUGUST 9.5 SEPTEMBER 9.6 NOVEMBER SUBSCRIBING INFORMATION 1. ANNOUNCEMENTS 1.1 NEW WEB ADDRESS OF CENN Dear CENN members, We would like to inform you that CENN v Caucasus Environmental NGO Network - has a new web address: WWW.CENN.ORG where you can find all information on CENN. We welcome your comments regarding our web page to improve it according to your needs. Sincerely, CENN |